ALL ABOUT FORMULA 1
REVIEWS OF ALL SEASONS
LANGUAGE
VISITS
Young Schumacher taking his first steps in karting in the 70s.
CAREERS OF F1 DRIVERS AND OTHER DRIVERS
Almost all the pilots who arrive at F1 are the pilots who were successful in the access categories. See below the curriculum of these drivers and check why there are no bad drivers in F1, with a few rare exceptions:
In red, they are the karting world champions.
Alboreto, Michelle
6th place F3 English 79
3rd place Italian F3 80
English F3 Champion 80
Alesi, Jean
Runner-up French F3 86
French F3 Champion 87
French F3 Champion 88
Champion F 3000 89
NOTE: Alesi's 25 misfortunes in F1.
USA 91: broke when he was in 3rd place.
Mexico 91: he was ahead of Mansell and Senna, but retired.
England 91: he was walking in front of Prost, but he hit a Larrouse and retired
Belgium 91: I was leading far ahead of Senna when the engine broke.
Spain 91: he had a beautiful race in the rain and took a stop and go, otherwise he would have been in 2nd place.
Portugal 93: Alesi led at the start of the race, but his car lost power midway through the race, ending up in 4th place.
Germany 94: had chances to finish well in the race (Berger was the pole and he was 2nd on the grid), but broke the engine on the 1st lap.
Belgium 94: he was 2nd and was chasing Schumacher, when he broke his engine on lap 3.
Italia 94: took pole and led the race, but broke the clutch in the pits.
Portugal 94: he was leading the race after Berger abandoned him but crashed with Brabham, when he was in 3rd place and abandoned the race.
Spain 95: I was in 2nd comfortable and calm, when the engine burst.
Monaco 95: He was fastest in practice on Thursday and Saturday morning, but his car broke down on Saturday and he was forced to do just one lap in qualifying. In the race he crashed with Coulthard, and had to run with the spare car. In the race, he was 2nd in front of the DH when he crashed with Brundle, when trying to lap the Englishman.
Belgium 95, was leading loosely on lap 5, when the car's suspension broke.
Italy 95: Alesi was leading the race when his car broke down.
Europe 95: Race in the rain, Alesi leads several laps but runs out of tires at the end and Schumacher arrives, passes and wins the race.
Japan 95: Race in the rain, took a 10s stop and go, passed DH outside braking at the chicane, put on a show, but broke the transmission when he was 2nd and retired.
Argentina 96: Made a great race, was in 2nd place, but let the engine die in the pits, losing a lot of time (7s) and reached 3rd place.
Monaco 96: Alesi was leading easily when he got a flat tire 17 laps from the end, changed the tires and then retired.
England 96: retired after riding part of the race in 2nd with brake problems.
Australia 97: had a dry spell when he was in 2nd place, and had good chances in the race.
Italy 97: took pole, leading the race, but lost the victory because of a slow pit in relation to the McLaren of DC.
Monaco 98: I was in 5th place in the race with a Sauber and with chances of getting further ahead, when the gearbox broke. He even cried at the end of the race.
Austria 98: Made the 2nd time on the grid with Sauber, but in the race he was leading when he crashed at the exit of the pits with Fisichella and retired.
Austria 99 was in a good 6th place from Sauber, when it broke down on lap 49 in the middle of the race.
Belgium 2000: He had a beautiful race in the rain with Prost, he started in 17th and ended up in 3rd place, but abandoned it without gas and with a burned-out gas pump.
Alonso, Fernando
Spanish karting champion 88 to 98 (11 times)
Junior kart world champion/96
98 karting world champion
Movistar/99 Euro Open Champion
Champion F Nissan 99
4th place in F3000 2000 (lost to Junqueira 1st, Minassian 2nd and Webber 3rd)
Winner of FIA World Endurance Championship 2018/2019
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans (Toyota) 2019
NOTE: In 1998, in the 1st test he did in the F Nissan under the rain, he drove 4s faster than the other drivers. In December 1999, in the 1st test he did at Minardi, he rode less than 1s slower than the titular driver Marc Gené. In 2000, he took another test at Minardi and was 0.1s slower than Mazzacane. In F3000 he won a race at Spa at the age of 19.
Ammon, Chris
1st place Le Mans 66 with Ford GT40
1st place in Tasmania Cup 69 with Ferrari Dino 2400
2nd place in the 24 hours of Sebring 69 with Ferrari312P
2nd place in the 1000 km Monza 70 Ferrari 512 Sport
OBS: Amon's 15 misfortunes in F1.
Monaco 67 was in 2nd place, when he got a flat tire and dropped to 3rd.
France 67 was in 3rd place when the throttle cable broke.
USA 67 broke engine when it was 2nd place.
Mexico 67 had a dry spell when it was in 2nd place.
Spain 68 blew fuel pump fuse when leading.
Belgium 68 took the pole, but had a punctured radiator.
Italia 68 was leading the race when he passed a puddle of oil and had an accident.
USA 68 broke water pump when ranked 3rd.
Spain 69 broke when leading the race with 41s of advantage.
Monaco 69 broke when it was 2nd place.
Monaco 70 broke his suspension when he was in 2nd place.
Italia 71 took pole and was well placed in the race when his helmet visor came off and he had to slow down the race.
France 72 Amon was leading the race but had problems at the end and came 3rd.
Sweden 76 was in 3rd place, ahead of Lauda in the Ferrari when the front suspension broke and crashed.
Andretti, Mario
3rd place in USAC 64 American Championship (in debut year)
Three-time champion in USAC 65/66/69 American championship
vice campand to at the USAC American Championship 67/68
3rd place in the 65 Indianapolis 500
Daytona 500 Winner (Ford) 67
69 Indianapolis 500 Winner
2nd place in the 24 hours of Sebring 69
1st place in the 24 hours of Sebring 70 with a Ferrari 512S
1st place in the 24 hours of Daytona 71
1st place in the 24 hours of Sebring 71
1st place in the 1000 km Brands Hatch 71
3rd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 83
F CART Champion (PPG Indy Series)84
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 95
3rd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 96
Andretti, Michael
Champion F Super V 81
Champion F Atlantic 83
3rd place in the 24 Hours of Le Mans 83
Five-time runner-up FCART 86/87/90/92/96
Champion F CART 91
3rd place F CART 1989/2001
3rd place in the 24 hours of Daytona 91
3rd place in the 2001/2006 Indianapolis 500
OBS: One of the biggest winners in F CART (Champ Car/Indy) with 42 wins and 32 poles. Michael Andretti holds the record for most laps led at Indianapolis without ever winning.
Ascari, Alberto
1st place in the 1000 km Nurburgring 53 (Ferrari in pair with Farina)
1st place Mille Miglia 54 with Lancia 330 Sport
Arnoux, René
Runner-up F2 Europe 76
Champion F2 Europe 77
Baldi, Mauro
1980 European F3 Champion
1990 Sports Car Champion (With Jean-Loius Schelesser)
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 1994 (Porsche 962)
Winner of the 1998 24 Hours of Daytona (With Arie Luyendyk and Didier Theys)
Winner of the 12 Hours of Sebring 1998 (With Arie Luyendyk and Didier Theys)
Bandini, Lorenzo
Champion Copa Maduina and Copa Crivellari in Monza 59
2nd place Targa Florio 62 with Ferrari 2000 sport
1st place 24 hours of Le Mans 63 (category 2000)
1st place Targa Florio 63 with Ferrari
1st place 3 hours of Auvergne 63 with Alfa Romeo
2nd place in the 1000 km of Nurburgring 66 with Ferrari Dino
1st place in the 24 hours of Daytona 67
1st place in the 1000 km of Monza 67
Barrichello, Rubens
Five times Brazilian kart champion (83, 84, 86, 87 and 88) he was champion at the age of 11.
Five-time São Paulo kart champion (83, 85, 86, 87 and 88)
South American Kart Champion 87
9th place in the 87 kart world championship
Runner-up F Ford Brazil 89
Champion F Opel 1990
British F3 Champion 1991
3rd place F 3000 1992 (lost to Badoer and Lamy)
Hepta champion of the 500 miles of Granja Vianna (98.00, 01, 02, 04, 07 and 09)
11th place Challenge of the Stars 2006
4th place Challenge of the Stars 2007
Challenge of the Stars 2008 Champion
5th place Challenge of the Stars 2009
3rd place Challenge of the Stars 2010
4th place Challenge of the Stars 2011
Two-time Stock Car Champion 2014/2022
OBS: 12 Rubinho's bad luck in F1.
England 2000: took pole and broke when leading.
Italy 2001: lost time in the pit, and lost the win to Montoya because of it.
USA 2001: was 2nd well in the race, about to pass Hakkinen when he broke down.
Australia 2002: it was the pole with good prospects, but it was taken by Ralf at the start.
Malaysia 2002: Was in 2nd place when the engine broke down.
Brazil 2002: broke when leading.
Spain and France 2002: era 2nd on the grid, but did not start with electronic problems.
England 2002: failed to line up the car and had to start last, but came in 2nd.
Brazil 2003: had a dry spell when leading and would probably win the race.
San Marino and Austria 2003: Hampered by slow pit stop.
Germany 2003: was withdrawn from the race due to a wrong maneuver by Ralf.
Hungary 2003: Broke suspension while riding in front of Schumacher.
Behra, Jean
Guzzi 1948 motorcycle champion
Hill Climb Race Winner (Maserati) 1950
3rd place Monte Carlo Rally (Simca) 1950
3rd place 24 Hours of Le Mans (Simca Gordini) 1950
Bellof, Stefan
Champion International Kart Cup 76
Senior German Kart Champion 80
Champion F Ford International 80
3rd place German F3 81
1st place in the 1000 km of Silverstone, Fuji and Kayalami with 83 prototypes
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa 84 (with Derek Bell) Porsche 956B
World Prototype Sport Champion for Porsche 84
OBS: His is the absolute record of the old Nurburgring circuit. After Tyrell was banned from the 1984 world championship, he was able to dedicate himself to Porsche prototypes.
On his debut in the Porsche 959 he beat experienced drivers like Ickx, Bell and Mass by 2.2s.
Beltoise, Jean-Pierre
11 times French motorcycle champion
French F3 Matra 65 Champion
French F2 66 Champion
European F2 Champion 68
Berger, Gerhard
8th place F3 European 1983
3rd place F3 European 1984 (2 wins and 6 podiums)
Bianchi, Jules
Champion F Renault 2.0 2007
Runner-up F3 Euro Series 2008
1st place in F3 Master 2008
3rd place F3 Euro Series 2008
F3 Euro Series 2009 Champion
3rd place GP2 2010
3rd place GP2 2011
Runner-up GP2 Asia Series 2011
Runner-up F Renault 3.5 Series 2012
5th place Challenge of the Stars 2012 (lost the title because he was underweight in the 2nd heat)
Challenge of the Stars Champion 2013
OBS: Your grandfather raced in F1 from 59 to 68 and made the podium in Monaco 68.
Bonnier, Jo (first driver to be concerned about safety in F1)
1st place in the 12 hours of Sebring 62
1st place in the 12 hours of Reins 64
1st place in the 1000 km of Paris 64
1st place in the 1000 km Nurburgring 66
2nd place in the Austrian 1000 km
1st place in the 1000 km of Barcelona 71
1st place in the 4 Hours of Le Mans 72
Boesel, Raul
Curitiban Kart Champion 75
Runner-up from Paraná, Opala 6 cylinder category C 78
Runner-up F Ford English 80
3rd place F3 English 81
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa 87 (with Brundle and Dunfries) Jaguar
Brand Champion for Jaguar 87
1st place at the 24 Hours of Daytona by Jaguar 88
3rd place in the 89 Indianapolis 500 (F Cart)
2nd place at the 24 Hours of Le Mans by Jaguar 91
Champion 1000 Brazilian miles with Porsche GT3 RS 2002
2nd place in the 1000 Brazilian miles with Mercedes DTM 2006
Bortoleto, Gabriel
3rd place in the world Kart category OKJ 2018
5th place F4 Italian 2020
F3 2023 Champion (2 wins, 1 pole and 6 podiums)
F2 2024 Champion (2 wins, 2 poles and 10 podiums)
Bottas, Valtteri
8th place in the Kart World Cup 2005
F Renault European Champion 2008
Champion F Renault in the 2008 Northern European Cup
3rd place F3 European 2009
Winner of F3 Master 2009 and 2010 (first to win twice)
2011 GP3 Series Champion
17th place English F3 2011
Bourdais, Sebastian
Maine Bretagne kart champion 1991 and cadet category 93
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 96 karting
Runner-up F Renault French 97
French F3 Champion 99
2002 International F3000 Champion
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa 2002
Four-time champion Champ Car (2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007)
1st place in the 2006 12 Hours of Sebring
2nd place in the 24 hours Le Mans with Peugeot (2008 and 2009)
Boutsen, Thierry
1978 Belgian F Ford 1600 Champion (15 wins in 18 races)
Vice champion F3 European 1979 (Alboreto champion)
European F2 runner-up 1981 (Geoff Lees champion)
Winner of the 1000 km of Monza 1982 (Sport Prototype)
Brabham, Jack
1st place in the 1000 km Nurburgring 58 with Aston Martin
1st place in the 1000 km of Monthery 70 with Matra-Sinca
NOTE: He studied engineering for a short time, before working in his father's garage.
Brise, Tony
British Karting Champion 1969 (started karting aged 8)
1971 F Ford 1600 Runner-up
British and European F3 Champion 1973 (Bernie Ecclestone's team)
F3 Champion John Player Series 1973
NOTE: Died in the air crash with Graham Hill in 1975 at the age of 23 and defeated his teammates in training in 100% of training sessions.
Brundle, Martin
7th place F3 European 83 (2 wins in 2 races)
English F3 runner-up 83 (7 wins and 18 podiums, lost to Senna)
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa 87 (with Dunfries and Boesel) Jaguar
World Sports Car Champion 88
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 90 (Jaguar)
World Champion of Sport Prototypes in 91 (Jaguar)
Buemi, Sebastian
3rd place F BMW 2004
Runner-up F BMW 2005
Runner-up F 3 Euro Series 2007 (Grosjean was champion)
Runner-up GP 2 Asia Series 2008
Runner-up Formula E season 2014/2015
Champion Formula E season 2015/2016
Button, Jenson
Seven times English karting champion (89 to 95)
Super Kart European Champion 97
Ayrton Senna Memorial Cup Champion in Suzuka 97
97 European Kart Champion (the youngest in history)
British Formula Ford 98 Champion
3rd place in British F3 99
Burti, Luciano
Champion F Vauxwall 97
3rd place F3 English 98
Runner-up F3 Inglesa 99 (in a controversial decision, as he was disqualified in an illegal maneuver at the start of the penultimate race of the year, and that made him lose the title to Marc Hynes)
2nd place Challenge of the Stars 2007
Campos, Marcos
Three times Brazilian and two Pan American kart champions
Champion F Opel 94
Capelli, Ivan
European F3 Champion 84 (4 wins)
Champion F3000 86
Castro Neves, Helio
Brazilian Kart Champion 1989
Runner-up F Vauxhall 1992 Brazilian
Runner-up F3 Brasileira 1994 (lost to Fernando Croceri)
Runner-up F3 Sulamericana 1994 (lost to Da Matta)
3rd place in British F3 1994
3rd place in GP Masters F3 English 1994
Champion of F Alfa Boxer 1995 (According to Reginaldo Leme in GP Monaco 95)
Runner-up Indy Lights 1997 (lost to Tony Kanaan)
4th place in F Cart 2001
IndyCar runner-up 2002, 2008, 2013 and 2014 (lost to San Hornish Jr in 2002, Scott Dixon in 2008 and 2013 and Will Power in 2014)
3rd place at IndyCar in 2003 and 2006
4th place in Indy 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2012
2001 Indianapolis 500 Winner (freshman winner), 2002 & 2009 & 2021
2nd place in the 2003, 2008, 2014 and 2017 Indianapolis 500
3-time winner of the 24 Hours of Daytona (2021, 2022 and 2023)
OBS: By winning the Indy 500 in 2021, Hélio Castro-Neves equaled the records of AJ Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears with 4 wins on that track.
Cecotto, Johnny
Motorcycle World Champion 75 and 78
European F2 runner-up 82
Italian Touring Champion with BMW 87
Runner-up for BMW in the DTM 90(was taken out of the race by Schumacher in the last race of the year, he only needed a 6th place to be champion. Hans Stuck won both heats and was champion with Audi)
German Supertouring Champion 1994 and 1998
Two-time German champion V8 Star with Opel Omega 2001 and 2002
NOTE: At the age of 19, he was the youngest champion in motorcycle history, beating super-champion Giacomo Agostini in the 350cc class.
Cevert, Francois
French F3 Champion 68
3rd place in the French F2 69 championship
7th place F2 English 72
Clark, Jim
23 wins in 53 sports car races in 59 (Lister, Jaguar and Lotus Elite)
British F3 Champion (Junior) 60
3rd place in the 24 Hours of Le Mans 60 (Aston Martin)
2nd place in the 63 Indianapolis 500 (lapped at the end)
Champion BTCC-Britishi Touring Championship with Lotus Cortina 64
Champion Race of Champions 65
Riverside 65 200 Mile Champion
1st place in the 65 Indianapolis 500 (led 190 of 200 laps)
French F2 65 Champion
Three-time champion of the Tasmanian Cup 65, 67 and 68
2nd place in the 66 Indianapolis 500
3rd place in the Tasmanian Cup 66
Cheever, Eddie
Italian and European Kart Champion 73
Runner-up F2 European 77
4th place F2 European 78 and 79
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 80 and 81
98 Indianapolis 500 Winner (aged 40)
3rd place IRL 96/97 and 2000
Collet, Gaius
Two-time Brazilian champion (Junior category) 2014 and 2015
Two-time Top Kart Brasil champion (Junior category) 2014 and 2015
Rotax Cup Champion (Junior Max Category)
3rd place CIK/FIA Karting World (KF Junior category) Italy (Rokkie of the Year)
3rd place Category ROTAX Max Challenger Grand Finals, Portimão -Portugal
6th place CIK/FIA European Kart (KF Junior category) (Rokkie of the Year)
Winner of the Golden Helmet, best kart driver in Brazil (2014 and 2015)
Source: Automotor 2015 page 167.
Costa, Nicolas
2002 Kart Summer Tournament Champion
Carioca Kart Carioca Champion 2002/2003
2004 DTM Cup Champion
Carioca Kart Runner-up 2004/2005
Champion of 4 kart in door championships 2005
Aldeia da Serra Summer Tournament Champion 2006
Champion of 3 kart in door championships 2006
Interstate Champion of Kart in door 2007
Bi-Paulista Kart Champion 2008/2009
Runner-up Selective Petrobras 2008
Brazilian vice-champion of kart in door 2009
TOP 5 no Skip Barber Karting Scholarship EUA 2009
Champion F Futuro 2010
Champion at F Abarth Day 2010
5th place F Abarth Italiana 2011 (1 podium and 84 points)
Champion European and Italian F Abarth 2012 (3 poles, 9 VMR’s, 6 wins, 15 podiums and 266 points)
Michelle Alboreto Trophy Champion 2012
NOTE: In 2012, he won the Golden Helmet in Brazil and finished 3rd (1st among rookies) in a test for Marussia.
5th place F Pro Madza 2014 (2 poles, 1 VMR, 1 victory, 4 podiums and 224 points). He ran half a season for the M1 Racing team, which was one of the worst teams in the category.
Champion Super GT Cup Italiana 2016 (Lamborghini Huracán) 6 wins in 14 races.
Champion Porsche Cup Brasil 2023 (Carrera category, 7 wins in 12 races)
Coulthard, David
British karting champion
Champion F Ford 1600 88
Runner-up F3 English 91 (lost to Barrichello)
9th place F 3000 92 (lost to Badoer, Bartels and Barrichello)
GT 92 Class 24 Hours of Le Mans Champion
3rd place F 3000 93 (lost to Panis and Lamy)
9th place F 3000 94 (lost to Boullion, Lagorce and De Ferran)
Champion of the Race of Champions 2014
Da Matta, Christian
Brazilian champion F Ford 93
Brazilian F3 Champion 94
9th place British F3 95
8th place F3000 96
Indy Lights Champion 98 (4 wins and 3 poles)
Champion F Cart 2002 (7 wins and 7 poles). He was nicknamed The Man.
Danner, Christian
Champion F 3000 85
De Angelis, Elio
Italian Kart Champion 74
Italian F3 Champion 77
F3 78 GP Monaco winner
De Ferran, Gil
Champion F Ford Brazil 87
3rd place F Ford 89
3rd place F Opel 90
British F3 Champion 92 (7 wins)
3rd place F 3000 International 94
Runner-up F Cart 97
Two-time F Cart champion 2000 and 2001
3rd place IRL 2002
Runner-up IRL 2003
2003 Indianapolis 500 Winner (Castro Neves and Kanaan in 2nd and 3rd)
Runner-up Le Mans Series (Acura ARX 4.0 V8- 5 wins) 2009
NOTE: Gil de Ferran tested at Williams in 92 and almost equaled Alain Prost's time. Gil holds the IndyCar average speed record of 388 km/h (241 miles/hour) at California Speedway. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXbYEcQNyyw&t=304s (CANAL RESSACA F1)
Depailler, Patrick
French F3 Champion 71
3rd place F2 Europe 72 (Lost to Hailwood)
3rd place F2 73 (Lost to Jarrier and Mass)
European F2 Champion 74 (March BMW) Raced in F1 this year!!
De Vries, Nyck
WSK World Series Champion Kart KF3 category 2008 and 2009
German Junior Kart Champion 2008 and 2009
European Kart KF3 Champion 2009
World Kart Champion 2010 and 2011
5th place F Renault 2.0 EuroCup 2012 and 2013
Champion F Renault 2.0 Alpine 2014 (10 wins and 13 podiums)
Champion F Renault 2.0 EuroCup 2014 (6 wins, 11 podiums, 254 points)
3rd place F Renault 3.5 2015 3rd place F3 2016 (behind Leclerc and Albon)
7th place F2 2017 4th place F2 2018 (behind Albon and Norris)
F2 Champion 2019 F E Champion 2020/2021
Dias Ribeiro, Alex
Champion F Ford Brazil 73
Runner-up F3 English 74
Runner-up F3 European 75
DiGrassi, Lucas
Champion Bandeirante and Interior of SP kart 1997
1998 South American Karting Champion
Pan American Kart Champion 2000
Runner-up of the F Renault 2002
Vice-champion of F3 Sulamericana 2003
GP2 runner-up 2007
3rd place in GP2 2008 and 2009
FE Champion 2016/2017 (Buemi vice)
Diniz, Pedro Paulo
12th place F3 English 1991 and 1992
22nd place F3000 1993
14th place F3000 1994
He has never won a single race in the youth categories and has never been champion in any category. But in F1 he didn't do "ugly", I consider that he had good races and was an AVERAGE driver.
Di Resta, Paul (cousin of Dario Franchitti)
British Kart Champion 2001
7th place in the F Renault 2003
McLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver 2004 Winner
3rd place F3 Renault Inglesa 2004
European F3 Champion (Euro Series) 2006 (defeating Sebastian Vettel)
Masters of F3 2006 Winner
5th place DTM 2007
Runner-up DTM 2008
3rd place DTM 2009
DTM Champion 2010
Drugovich, Felipe
5º lugar F 2000 MRF 2016-2017 (1 vitória e 4 pódios)
3º lugar F 4 2017 (7 vitórias em 21 corridas)
Campeão F 2000 MRF 2017-2018 (8 vitórias, 2 poles, 4 VMRs, 10 pódios em 12 corridas)
Campeão da Eurofórmula 2018 (14 vitórias, 9 poles, 10 VMRs e 16 pódios em 16 corridas)
Campeão F2 FIA 2022 (5 vitórias, 4 poles, 4 VMR e 9 pódios em 26 corridas)
Dumfries, Johnny
English F3 Champion 84 (10 wins, 106 points)
Runner-up F3 Europe 84 (4 wins, 54 points)
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans with Jaguar 1987
Fabi, Corrado (Teo Fabi's younger brother)
European F2 Champion 1982 (for March BMW)
Fabi, Teo
4th place F3 European 78
10th place F2 European 79
3rd place F2 European 80
2nd place F Cart 83 (4 wins, pole at Indy 500 and rokkie of the year)
10th place F Cart 88
4th place F Cart 89 (1 win)
3rd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 91 (Jaguar)
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 93 (Peugeot)
9th place F Cart 94 and 95
OBS: He was the only F1 driver who made pole (3) and never led a single race.
NOTE: He took pole and led the Indianapolis 83 500, for 23 laps, but was forced to retire.
Fangio, Juan Manuel
Winner of dozens of “carreteras” in Argentina.
Winner of the 1000 Argentine Miles 39
Winner of the Buenos Aires-Lima 40 race
Argentine champion aged 40 and 41
Winner of the Presidente Getúlio Vargas race (Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Goiânia, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) 41
1st place GP Mar del Plata 49
1st place at GP de Pau 49, GP San Remo 49 and GP Perpignan (all by Maserati)
1st place GP Marseille 49 (by Simca Gordini)
1st place GP Monza 49 (with a Ferrari)
1st place in the Pau 50 GP and San Remo 50 GP (both by Alfa Romeo)
1st place in the 12 hours of Sebring 56
2nd place in the 1000 km Nurburgring 56
OBS: After being defeated by Fangio in 49, Tazio Nuvolari said that Fangio would be the best driver of the 50's. In 1953 in a race of Millie Miglia with an Alfa Romeo he runs more than 1/3 of a thousand miles with only one of the wheels following the steering wheel. (Formula One World Championship 1976 pg 67)
Fisichella, Giancarlo
European kart runner-up in 89 and 91
European kart champion in 90
Runner-up F3 Italian 93
Italian F3 Champion 94
Fittipaldi, Christian
Multiple times kart champion
Champion F3 South American 90
4th place F3 English/90
Champion F 3000/91
Fittipaldi, Emerson
São Paulo kart champion 65
Brazilian kart champion 67
Brazilian Formula V champion in 67 (5 wins in 7 races)
Winner of the 12 hours of Porto Alegre 68 in a VW 1600 (José Carlos Pace came in 2nd in a Corcel)
Champion F Ford English 69 (4 wins in 6 races)
English F3 Champion 69 (Entered in the middle of the championship in the team of Jim Russell and competed against the team of Frank Williams, 8 wins in 11 races, it was a record until Piquet beat it in 78 and Senna in 84, both with 13 wins).
Brazilian Motorsport Cup Champion with Lola T-210
Champion F Cart 89 (5 wins and 4 poles)
1st place in the Indianapolis 500 89 and 93
Fittipaldi, Pietro
2011 NASCAR Limited Late Model Champion
F Renault 2014 Champion (10 wins in 13 races)
MRL Challenger Formula 2000 Champion (2015-2016)
World Series Champion Formula V8 (3.5 engine) 2017
Fittipaldi, Wilson
Three-time Brazilian kart champion (59, 60, 61)
1st place 1000 km from Brasília and at 3 hours of speed from Rio de Janeiro
Frentzen, HH
German F3 Runner-up 89
14th Place F 3000 European 91
Foyt, AJ
Hepta champion USAC 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 75 and 79
Indianapolis winner 4 times (61, 64, 67 and 77)
Winner of the All Star Series International Race of Champions in 76 and 77
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans with Ford GT 40
1st place in the 24 Hours of Daytona 83
NOTE: He holds the record of 67 wins, 53 poles, 10 wins in a year at Indy.
He is the only driver to win the Indianapolis 500, the Daytona 500, the Daytona 24 Hours and the Le Mans 24 Hours.
Gasly, Pierre
Vice Champion F Renault 3.5 2014
GP2 Champion 2016
Superformula Champion 2017
Grosjean, Romain
F Champion Renault 1.6 Switzerland 2003 (10 wins in 10 races)
French F Renault Champion 2005
2007 F3 Euro Series Champion
Champion of GP2 Asia Series and GP2 World Series 2011
Champion of the Race of Champions 2012
Gugelmin, Mauritius
Brazilian Kart Champion 80
F Fiat 81 Champion
Champion F Ford 1600 English 82
European Champion F Ford 2000 and runner-up English F Ford 2000 (both in 83)
English 85 F3 Champion
Gurney, Dan
1st place in the 12 hours of Sebring in '59 with Ferrari
1st place in the Nurburgring 60 1000 km with BRM
1st place in F1 Champions Races with an Eagle at Brands Hatch 67
1st place in the 24 Hours of Le Mans 67 with Ford GT 40 (with AJ Foyt)
NOTE: He was the only driver to win in F1 using an Eagle chassis, this happened in Spa 67.
Hakkinen, Mika
Sweden Lapland Kart Cup Winner 80
Five-time Finnish kart champion (81, 83, 84, 85 and 86)
Ronnie Peterson Memorial Kart 82
Finnish, Swedish and Nordic Champion F Ford 1600 87
European Champion Opel Lotus 88
7th place F3 English 89
British F3 Champion 90 (11 poles, 10 wins and 121 points, Mika Salo was runner-up)
Winner of the 1st heat of the GP Macau F3 90 (in the second heat he took a close from Schumacher on the last lap and hit the wall)
NOTE: Mika Hakkinen did a test at Benetton in 1990 and was faster than Alessandro Nannini.
Hakkinen on the episode: “As I was about to overtake him, he blocked my path and caused the accident. I hit him, lost part of the front of the car, crashed into the wall on the left side and still ran into the wall on the right. It wasn't a very pleasant feeling. I lost everything". (Schumacher's book, the life of the new F1 champion pg 59)
Schumacher: “Right after the race I didn't speak to him. At these times one is still very excited. In the evening, I apologized to him.” (Schumacher's book, the life of the new F1 champion pg 60)
Hamilton, Lewis
English Cadet Category Kart Champion 1995
English Kart Champion Master Category 1996
English Kart Champion Yamaha Super One Series 1997
2nd place Kart McLaren Mercedes Champions of the future 1998
4th place at Italian Open Kart 1998 (It is announced that he is sponsored by McLaren)
JICA 1999 European Kart Runner-up
Pomposa Trophy Winner 1999
4th place JICA 1999 Italian Championship
European Formula A Champion 2000 with victories in all heats
5th Formula Renault Winter Series 2001
3rd place F Renault 2002 (3 wins)
Champion F Renault 2003
5th place in European F3 2004
Bahrain F3 Superprix 2004 Winner
British F3 Champion 2005 Dallara Mercedes (15 wins)
2006 GP2 Champion (5 wins)
Hailwood, Mike
Moto Speed Champion (62, 63, 64 and 65)
Champion F2 Europe 72
Hawthorn, Mike
1st place Le Mans 55 with Jaguar (race that had the tragic accident in which he was found guilty of the accident with Pierre Levegh)
1st place in the 12 hours of Sebring 55 with Jaguar
Heidfeld, Nick
Champion F Ford 1600 German 94/95
German F3 Champion 97
Runner-up F 3000 98 (lost to Montoya)
Champion F 3000 99
Herbert, Johnny
F Ford Festival Winner 1985
1987 F3 Champion (Eddie Jordan's Team)
9th place F 3000 1988 (Moreno champion)
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 91 (Mazda 787B)
Winner of the 2002 Sebring 12 Hours (Audi R8)
Hill, Damon
1st place Brands Motorcycle 84 with Yamaha 350 TZ
10th place in the F Ford Inglesa 84 (1 win)
3rd place in the F Ford Inglesa 85
9th place in F3 English 86 (lost to Capelli)
5th place in F3 English 87 (2 wins. Lost to Modena)
3rd place in F 3 English 88 (2 wins. Lost to Lehto and Gary Brabham)
13th place in the F3000 90 (lost to Comas)
7th place in F3000 91 (was 1st Jordan-Middlebridge driver, lost to Fittipaldi)
Hill, Graham
Winner of BRDC International Trophy 62 (former Formula2)
2nd place 24 hours of Le Mans 64 (Maranello Concessionaires)
Indianapolis 500 66 s Winner (Rookie Winner, Stewart led the race until he broke)
2nd place in Tasmania Series 66 (2 wins)
Winner 24 Hours of Le Mans 72 (Matra Simca with Henri Pescarolo)
OBS: Only driver who has the triple crown (Won in Monaco, 500 miles Indianapolis and 24 hours of Le Mans)
Hill, Phil
24 Hours of Le Mans winner for Ferrari (with Olivier Gendebien) 58
24 Hours of Le Mans winner for Ferrari (running in place of Von Trips and racing with Olivier Gendebien) 61 and 62
Brands Hatch 67 1000 km winner
Hoffmann, Ingo
Two-time VW Beetle Division 3 champion (73/74)
1st place in the 25 hours of Interlagos with Opal 75 (?)
6th place in English F3 75 (33 points, 1 wins)
Twelve-time Stock Car Brazil champion (80, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 2002) with 76 wins, 61 pole positions and 6 titles in a row.
Hulme, Denny
Bi Champion Can-Am 68 (3 wins) and 70 (6 wins)
Four-Runner Can-Am 67 (3 wins), 69 (5 wins), 71 (3 wins) and 72 (2 wins)
4th place in the Indianapolis 500 at 67 and 68.
NOTE: At Can-Am Hulme managed 22 wins, 11 second places and 2 third places in 52 races. Category record.
Hulkenberg, Nico
German Junior Kart Champion 2002
German Kart Champion 2003
Champion F BMW 2005
3rd in F3 Euro 2007
2007 A1GP Champion
2008 F3 Euro Champion
GP2 Champion 2009
Hunt, James
3rd place F3 English BARC Forward Trust 71
6th place John Special series F3 72
6th place F2 Inglesa 72 (had nice fights with Niki Lauda)
OBS: Before F1 he was known as James Shunt, that is, James “bumped” because he crashed a lot in races.
Ickx, Jack
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa 66
European F2 Champion 67
1st place in 1000 km of Spa 67 (with Redman) Mirage/Ford
1st place in 1000 km of Spa 68 (with Thompson) Ford GT40
1st place in the 24 hours of Sebring 69
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 69 (with Jackie Oliver) Ford GT 40
2nd place in the 1000 km of Spa 70
3rd place in the 24 hours of Daytona 70
3rd place in the 500 miles of Brands Hatch 71
1st place in the 1000 km of Monza 72
2nd place in 1000 km of Dijon and Watkins Glen 72
3rd place in 1000 km from Osterreichring and 6 hours from Vallelunga 72
1st place in 1000 km of Nurburgring 73 (Pace gave him the victory at the finish line)
2nd place in the 1000 km of Monza 74
1st place in the 1000 km of Spa 74 (with Jarrier) Matra Simca
3rd place in the 1000 km of Paul Ricard 74
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 75 (with Derek Bell) Mirage GR8
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 76 (with Gijs Van Lennep) Porsche 936
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 77 (with Hurley Haywood and Jurgen Barth) Porsche 936
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 78 Porsche 936
Can-Am 79 Champion
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 80 Porsche 908
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 81 (With Derek Bell) Porsche 936
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 82 (With Derek Bell) Porsche 956
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa 82 and 83 (with Derek Bell) Porsche 956
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 83 Porsche 956
1st place Rally Paris-Dakar 83 Mercedes Benz
Irvine, Eddie
Champion F Ford English 88
Japanese F3 Champion 92
Vice-champion F 3000 Japanese 93
NOTE: Irvine raced in the Macau F3 89 GP with the same helmet as Ayrton Senna.
Klien, Christian
German Formula Renault Champion 2002
Kanaan, Tony
Three-time kart champion from São Paulo
Formula Alpha Boxer 94 Champion
Indy Lights 96 runner-up
Indy Lights 97 Champion
Winner of the 500 miles of Granja Vianna (1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008)
2004 F Cart Champion (3 wins, 618 points and record of 3305 laps completed (100%) in the season)
Vice-champion of F Indy 2005
3rd place F Indy 2007 and 2008
6th place Challenge of the Stars 2009
5th place Challenge of the Stars 2010
2013 Indianapolis 500 Mile Winner
7th place F Indy 2014
8th place F Indy 2015
10th place in F Indy 2017
NOTE: Tony Kanaan did a kart race against Senna, beat him, and then at the end of 1993, Senna recommended him for a Formula Alfa Boxer team.
Kobayashi, Kamui
Vice-champion F Toyota 2003
Italian and European F Renault 2005 Champion
GP2 Asia Series Champion 2009
Kubica, Robert
Hexa Polish kart champion (1995 to 2000)
Italian kart champion
German kart runner-up 1999
Vice-champion F Renault Italian 2002
World Series Champion Renault 2005
Jabouille, Jean Pierre
3rd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 73 and 74 (Matra)
4th place F2 European 74 (lost to Depailler, Stuck and Lafitte)
French F3 runner-up 75 (lost to Lafitte)
5th place F2 European 75
Champion F2 76
Jarrier, Jean Pierre
3rd place F3 French 70
Champion F 2 73 (March BMW)
Johansson, Stefan
Swedish kart champion 1973
4th place English F3 1979
English F3 Champion 1980
of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 1997
Jones, Alan
Can-Am Champion 78
Junqueira, Bruno
Tri Brazilian Kart Champion
97 South American F3 Champion
Champion F 3000 2000
Tri Champ Car runner-up (2002, 2003 and 2004, always lost to Bourdais)
Lafitte, Jacques
French F3 Champion 73
3rd Place F2 European 74
European Champion F2 75 (Martini-BMW)
3rd place in F1 with Ligier in 79 and 81
Lamy, Peter
Portuguese mini motocross champion (78 to 81)
Tri Portuguese mini-motorcycling champion (79 to 81)
Tri runner-up Portuguese Kart (85 to 87)
Portuguese Kart Champion 88
Portuguese Formula Ford 89 Champion
1st place in the Formula Opel 90 Nations Cup
Portuguese and European Champion of F Opel 91
German Champion F3 92
2nd place at the Macau Formula 3 GP 92
1st place in the Marlboro Masters Formula 3 92
1st place in the Formula 3 World Challenger 92
Vice-champion F3000 Internacional 93 (Panis was champion)
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans GT2 98
GT2 98 World Champion
5 Times 1st place 24 hours of the Nurburgring 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2010
Champion of the German V8 Star 2003 Championship
Le Mans Endurance Series Championship Champion in GT1 category 2006
2nd place in Monza in the LMP1 Endurance series 2007 category
1st place in Valencia in the LMP1 Endurance series 2007 category
1st place in the 1000 km of Nurburgring 2007
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 2007
Champion Le Mans Series LMP1 2007 Championship
Lauda, Niki
He won the John Player Series F2 71 with 31 points (Ronnie Peterson-vice with 27 points)
10th place in European F2 71 (Peterson was champion, Reutemann vice and Wilson Fittipaldi 6th place)
5th place in European F2 72 (had a great fight with James Hunt who came in 18th place)
1st place in the 4 hours of Monza (BMW Alpina) 73
NOTE: Lauda was the son of a rich industrialist, and started racing touring cars in 1968, in 1969 he passed Formula Super Vê and Formula 3 in 1970 without much prominence in these categories. (Source Formula One World Championship 1976 pg 58)
Lawson, Liam
3rd place Kart Cadete Flower Festival 2011
1st place CIK Cadet Trophy of New Zealand 2012
Champion NZ Schools kart in New Zealand 2014
Champion Kart Sprint Kart Sports New Zealand 2014
1st place Kart Junior Rotax Flower Festival 2014
Runner-up Formula First Manfeild Winter Series 2015
6th place Formula First NZ Championship 2015 (Rokkie of the year)
Champion F Ford 1600 NZ 2016/2017 (14 wins in 15 races)
Australian F4 runner-up 2017 (5 wins)
ADAC Australian F4 runner-up 2018 (3 wins)
8th place F3 Asian 2018 (entered at the end of the championship, won all races)
Champion Toyota Racing Series 2019
Runner-up European Formula Opel 2019
11th place F3 International 2019
Runner-up Toyota Racing Series 2020
5th place F3 2020
DTM 2021 runner-up (leading the championship, but they made a game for another driver to win)
9th place F2 2021
3rd place F2 2022
Leclerc, Charles
French runner-up Championship Minime 2008
Monaco Kart Cup Champion - KF3 2010
Runner-up 2nd WSK Final Cup - KF3 2011
ERDF Masters Kart Champion – Junior 2011
CIK-FIA Karting Academy Trophy 2011 Champion
CIK-FIA World Cup Champion for KF3 2011
CIK-FIA U18 World Karting Championship runner-up 2012
Champion WSK Euro Serie- KF2 2012
CIK-FIA European KF2 Championship runner-up 2012
CIK-FIA World KZ Championship runner-up 2013
South Garda Winter Cup- KZ2 2013 Champion
Formula Renault 2.0 2014 runner-up
2nd place F3 GP Macau 2015 (FIA F3 International Cup)
GP3 Champion 2016
2017 F2 Champion
Liuzzi, Viantonio
European Kart Champion 2000
World Kart Champion 2001 (defeating Schumacher in Kerpen)
Champion F 3000 2004
Magnussen, Jan
World Kart Champion 90
94 English F3 Champion (14 wins beating AS record)
Mansell, Nigel
Champion F Ford 77 (32 wins in 42 races)
8th place F3 English championship Vandervell 79 (1 win) (Chico Serra champion and De Cesaris vice)
Champion F Cart 93 (5 wins and 191 points, record for a rookie)
NOTE: He was the only driver to be champion in F1 and F Cart at the same time, for 7 days.
Martini, Pierluigi
European F3 Champion 83
Winner of the 1999 Le Mans 24 Hours (with Yannick Dalmas and Joachim Winkelhock at BMW)
Mass, Jochen
European Tourism Champion 72
3rd place F2 European 73 (Lost to Jarrier)
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 89 (Sauber Mercedes Benz with Manuel Reuter and Stanley Dickens)
1st place 1000 km from Spa 90 (with Wendlinger) Mercedes
Mass, Felipe
Champion F Chevrolet 99
Champion F Renault Italian and European 2000
Champion F 3000 Euro Series 2001 (6 wins in 8 races)
3rd place Challenge of the Stars 2005
Champion Challenge of the Stars 2006
5th place Challenge of the Stars 2007
3rd place Challenge of the Stars 2008
2nd place Challenge of the Stars 2009
2nd place Challenge of the Stars 2010
2nd place Challenge of the Stars 2011
8th place Challenge of the Stars 2013
McLaren, Bruce
Champion F Tasman Series 65
Runner-up F Tasman Series 66
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 66 (with Chris Amon)
Can-Am runner-up 68 (1 win)
Two-time Can-Am champion 67/69 (in 67 McLaren won 2 and in 69 won 6)
NOTE: In 69 the McLaren team won 11 of the 11 Can-Am races with Hulme and McLaren.
Merzario, Arthur
Winner of 1000 Km Spa 72
Italian F3 Champion 73
Modena, Stefano
Champion F 3000 87 (Comas was runner-up, Moreno was 3rd)
Montoya, Juan Pablo
Colombian junior kart runner-up 85
Colombian kart champion and Konet 86 region
Regional Champion Konet 87
Colombian runner-up Konet 88 and 89
World Junior Champion kart 90 and 92
Regional Champion Konet 91 and 92
Colombian Champion Swift GTI 93
Champion 125 SUDAM 94
Formula Vauxhall English champion 95
Runner-up F 3000 97 (3 wins, 4 poles and 3 VMR's - lost to Zonta)
Champion F 3000 98 (4 wins, 7 poles, 6 podiums, 5 VMR's)
Champion F Cart 99 (7 wins and 212 points in rookie year. Beat Mansell record)
1st place in the 500 miles of Indianapolis 2000 (freshman winner)
1st place in the 24 Hours of Daytona 2007 (with Scott Pruett and Salvador Duran)
1st place in the 24 Hours of Daytona 2008 (with Scott Pruett, Dario Franchitti and Memo Rojas)
Moreno, Roberto
Brasilian kart champion 74
Brazilian kart champion 76
6th place F Ford English 79
Champion F Ford 1600 English 80
Runner-up F Ford 1600 European 80
Winner of the F Pacific race at the 1981 Australia GP (with some F1 drivers, defeated Alan Jones, Nelson Piquet and De Cesaris). Did pole, VMR and win.
Winner of the Tasmania F Atlantic Cup and the Macau F Atlantic GP 82
American runner-up F Atlantic 83 (Won 4 races out of 8 but lost to Michael Andretti)
Winner GP Macau F Atlantic 83
European F2 84 runner-up (lost to Tackwheel)
3rd place F3000 87 (Lost to Stefano Modena and Erik Comas)
Champion F3000 88 (4 wins, 43 points)
3rd place in Michigan 500 Miles at Payton Coyne (considered by many to be Minardi of F Cart) 96
3rd place in F Cart 2000 at Patrick Racing (147 points with 1 win and 1 pole)
NOTE: Moreno is known in the US as Supersub (super substitute), as he is the preferred driver to replace the official team drivers. He has replaced Christian Fittipaldi 3 times, Blundell, Carpentier, Gregoire and Figge.
Moss, Stirling
1st place in the RAC Tourist Tro uphy in Dundrod (Northern Ireland) 51(Jaguar).
2nd place Monte Carlo 52 Rally (Sunbean Taltbot 90)
1st place in the 12 hours of Sebring 54
1st place 1000 km Targa Florio 55 (Mercedes with Peter Collins)
1st place in the RAC Tourist Trouphy 55 (Mercedes)
1st place in 1000 Km of Buenos Aires 56
1st place Nassau Cup 56
1st place in 1000 km of Nurburgring 56/58/59/60 (in 1960 Maserati with Dan Gurney)
1st place Bahamans Speed Week 57
1st place in the RAC Tourist Trouphy Sebring 58/59 (Aston Martin).
1st place in 1000 km of Tourist Trouphy 58/59
1st place in the RAC Tourist Trouphy 60 and 61 (Ferrari).
NOTE: He won 212 of the 529 races he played from 1948 to 1962 and drove 84 different types of cars and even competed in 62 races in a year.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_Moss
Nasr, Felipe
Five-time brasiliense kart champion 2000 to 2004
Brazilian vice-champion of kart 2000 and 2001
Two-time champion of the Copa Brasil de Kart 2004 and 2007
Midwest Kart Champion 2005
Brazilian Kart Champion 2006
Champion Kart SUDAM 2007
Champion F BMW 2009 (5 wins, 6 poles and 14 podiums)
5th place F3 English 2010
2011 English F3 Champion (7 wins, 4 poles and 16 podiums)
10th place GP2 2012
4th place GP2 2013
3rd place GP2 2014
Winner 24 Hours of Daytona (Porsche 963) 2024
Nakajima, Satoru
Five-time champion of F Nippon 81/82/84/85/86 (F2 Japanese)
Norris, Lando
World Kart Championship Champion (WSK Euroseries, CIK-FIA and CIK-FIA Supercup) 2013
World Kart Championship Champion (CIK-FIA KF) 2014
3rd Ginetta Junior Championship 2014 (rokkie of the year)
Champion MSA Championship 2015
Champion M2 Toyota Series Championship 2016
Champion F Renault 2.0 Eurocup and NEC 2016
8th place F3 British BRDC 2016
2017 European F3 Champion
Runner-up F2 2018 (lost to Russell)
Ocon, Esteban
French kart champion 2007
French kart champion 2008 (kadete)
French kart champion KF3 2011
Vice champion WSK Euro series 2011
14th place F Renault 2.0 Eurocup 2012
3rd place F Renault 2.0 2013
2014 European F3 Champion (9 wins) NOTE: Verstappen took 3rd place.
2015 GP3 European Champion (1 win, scored points in 17 of 18 stages)
Pace, Jose Carlos
3rd place in the 500 km of Interlagos 64
1st place in the 3 hours of Speed at Interlagos 64 (Renault 1093)
1st place in the 1600 km of Interlagos 65 (Willys)
4th place in the 250 miles of Interlagos 65 (VW Sedan)
2nd place in the 3 hours of Speed in Rio de Janeiro (Karman Ghia)
2nd place in the 1000km of Guanabara 66 (Karman-Ghia Porsche)
1st place in the 6 hours of Curitiba 66
1st place in the 12 hours of Interlagos 67
2nd place in the 500km of Interlagos 67
Three-time champion in the 1000 km of Brasília 67/68/69
2nd place in the 12 hours of Porto Alegre 68 (Fittipaldi won)
English F3 Champion 70 (BARC Forward Trust Champion)
2nd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 73
2nd place in the 24 hours of Nurburgring 73 (By order of Ferrari he gave the victory to Jack Ickx at the finish line)
3rd place in the 6 hours of Watkins Glen 73
Brazilian Champion of Tourism (Group 1) 75
1st place in the 12 hours of Goiânia 75
1st place in the 12 hours of Tarumã 75
1st place in the 500 km of Brasília 75
1st place of the 25 hours of Interlagos 75 (Maverick V8)
Champion of the South American Tournament of Champions 75
NOTE: After he went to Europe in the 69-70 period, he ranked 27 times in the top 5 on the grid in 35 races and set 7 track records at 10 English tracks. That's why it caught the attention of team leaders.
He won the Imola 71 Formula 2 GP defeating Emerson Fittipaldi, Cevert and Regazzoni.
In 72, he came in 2nd place at Brands Hatch (not valid for the championship).
In 73, he qualified in 4th place and 3rd place in a Surtees car, respectively in Germany and Austria and made the VMR's for those races.
At 73, he was named the fourth best driver in the world by the Autocourse yearbook, losing to Jackie Stewart , Ronnie Peterson and Emerson Fittipaldi . (Wikipedia)
In 76, he defeated Carlos Reutemann in the starts, finishes and points.
Palmer, Jonathan
English F3 Champion 81
Champion F2 83
Panis, Olivier
Champion F Renault 89
French F3 runner-up 91
10th place F 3000 92
Champion F 3000 93
Patrese, Riccardo
World kart champion 74
European F3 Champion 76
Peterson, Ronnie
Three Swedish kart champion
european kart champion
Watkins Glen 71 6 Hours 1st Place
European F2 Champion 71 (Reutemann was runner-up)
1st place in the 1000 km of Buenos Aires and Nurburgring 72
2nd place in Daytona, Sebring, Brands Hatch and Watkins Glen
Vice-champion of F1 in 71 and 78
Pescarolo, Henri
French F3 Champion 67
Runner-up F2 68
1st place in 1000 km of Paris 69 (Matra)
2nd place in the 1000 km of Osterreichring 70 (Alfa Romeu)
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 72 (with Graham Hill) and 73 (both with Matra)
1st place in 1000 km of Osterreichring and Dijon 73 (both with Matra)
1st place in the 6 hours of Vallelunga and Watkins Glen 73 (Matra)
3rd place in the 1000 km of Monza and Spa 73 (both with Matra)
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 74 (Matra-Sinca)
Brand Champion by 74 (Matra-Sinca)
1st place in the 1000 km of Spa 75 (Alfa Romeu)
NOTE: He had an accident and Le Mans 69, in which he was seriously burned in the face, had to walk away and therefore lost the 69 title in F2.
Piastri, Oscar
Vice-campeão campeonato australiano de Sprint Kart Júnior 2014
3o lugar no campeonato IAME Internacional Kart X30 Júnior 2014
3o lugar no campeonato australiano de Kart KF3 2015
6o lugar no Campeonato Mundial de Kart (Bahrein) 2016
6o lugar no Campeonato F4 dos Emirados Árabes 2016 (2 vitórias)
Vice-campeão Campeonato F4 Inglesa 2017 (6 poles e 6 vitórias)
9o lugar na Renault Eurocup 2018 (6 vitórias)
Campeão da Renault Eurocup 2019 (5 poles e 7 vitórias)
Campeão F3 2020 (2 vitórias)
Campeão da F2 2021 (5 poles e 6 vitórias, foi o 5o piloto a vencer na GP3/F3 e GP2/F2 em temporadas consecutivos e foi o 6o piloto a vencer na GP2/F2 no ano de estreia)
Piquet, Nelson
Brasilian kart champion 71
Brazilian VW Champion (division 4) 72
3rd place F Super V (1600 cc) 74 (lost the title in the last race of the year, with 3 laps to go he was leading, when the throttle cable came loose, Marcos Troncon was champion. In this championship, Chico Lameirão, Ingo Hoffman, Wilson and Emerson Fittipaldi raced).
14th place in the F Super V 75 (1600 cc) (he made the most poles and VMR's, Francisco Lameirão was champion).
Champion F Super V 76 (1600 cc) Paulista and Brasileiro (59 points 6 victories, Guaraná was runner-up with 35 points).
3rd place in European F3 77 with 33 points (4 poles, 2 wins, 2 second places, 4 VMR's, lost to Piercarlo Ghinzani 58, Anders Olofsson vice 46)
English F3 Champion 78 (sponsored by Brastemp/Arno. 13 victories in 20 races, 7 consecutive in the middle of the season. He also achieved 3 seconds, 1 third, 2 fourths, 1 fifth place and 101 points. His car only became competitive later that he managed to eliminate 40 kg of weight from the car. Source Trajectory of a Grand Champion pg 45. Vice Warwick and Serra both with 72 points, De Cesaris 7th, Johansson 8th, De Angelis 11th, Prost 13th, Mansell 19th)
Winner of the 1000 km Nurburgring 81 (with BMW paired with Hans Joachin Stuck)
NOTE: Piquet was two-time world champion with only 77 GP's.
Piquet, Nelsinho
Tri Brazilian kart champion (1997-junior minor category, 1999 and 2000)
Champion of the Copa Brasil de Kart 99
São Paulo kart champion 99
Two-time brasiliense kart champion 97 and 98
South American Formula 3 Champion 2002
2004 English F3 Champion (6 wins)
2006 GP2 runner-up (4 win-lost to Hamilton)
2nd place Challenge of the Stars 2006
4th place Challenge of the Stars 2013
Formula E Champion 2014/2015 season (Buemi vice)
Pironi, Didier
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 78 with Renault
Pizzonia, Antonio
Amazonian kart champion Jr 91
Three-time Paulista Kart Champion Jr 92/93/94
Brazilian Kart runner-up 94
São Paulo Kart runner-up 95
Brazilian Kart Champion 96
Vice-champion F Vauxwall Junior 97
Champion F Vauxwall 98 (youngest in history)
Champion F Renault Winter 98
Champion F Renault English 99 (15 wins)
European runner-up F Renault 99
English F3 Champion 2000
4th place Challenge of the Stars 2006
6th place Challenge of the Stars 2011
Prost, Alain
French and European Kart Champion (Junior) 73
French and European Kart Champion (Senior) 74
Champion F Renault French 76 (Martini team 12 wins in 13 races)
Champion F Renault European 77 (6 wins in 16 races)
13th place F3 British 78 (lost to Piquet, Warwick and Serra)
French F3 Champion 79 (Won 7 of the 7 races of the season)
European F3 Champion 79 (6 wins in 10 races winning the Monaco F3 GP)
Raikkonen, Kimi
Two-time Finnish Kart Champion 97 and 98
Nordic Karting Champion 98
Champion F Renault English 2000 (13 wins in 23 races between 1999 and 2000 seasons)
Regazzoni, Clay
3rd place in Holts F2 Tournament 68
European F2 Champion 70
2nd place in the 100 km of Brands Hatch 71
Runner-up F1 74
Reutemann, Carlos
Tri-Argentine Tourism Champion (66 to 68)
3rd place in GP Argentina 71 (unofficial race of the calendar) with a rented McLaren. The result was surprising at the time.
4th place F2 Europe 1973
2nd place in the 6 hours of Vallelunga and the 1000 km of Monza 73
2nd place in the 1000 km of Imola and Nurburgring (??)
3rd place in F1 in 75, 78, 80
Revson, Peter
1st place at 12 Hours of Sebring 7 (teaming with Steve McQueen)
2nd place in the Indianapolis 500 70 (started last) and 71
Can-Am 71 Champion with McLaren
Ricciardo, Daniel
3rd place F BMW Asia 2006
Champion F Renault 2.0 West European WEC 2008
Runner-up F Renault 2.0 Eurocup 2008 (Lost to Bottas)
2009 British F3 Champion (6 wins and 12 podiums - first Australian to win British F3 since David Brabham in '89)
Runner-up F Renault 3.5 series 2011
NOTE: Ricciardo tested new RBR drivers from December 1st to December 3rd, 2009, and was the fastest of all by more than 1 second.
Rindt, Jochen
1st place in the 24 Hours of Le Mans 65 with Ferrari (with Masten Gregory and Ed Hugus)
1st place in the 24 hours of Osterreichring 65 with Ferrari
3rd place in 1966 F1 with Cooper Maserati
Rodriguez, Peter
1st place in the 1000 km of Paris 62 (with his brother Ricardo Rodrigues in a Ferrari)
1st place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 68 with a Ford GT 40
1st place in the 1000 km of Spa in 69 and 71
1st place in the 24 hours of Daytona 70 and 71
1st Place Brands Hatch and Watkins Glen 70 1000km
1st place in Targa Florio 70 with Porsche 908
1st place in the 1000 km of Monza 71
1st place in the 1000 km of Osterreinchring 71
Rosberg, Keke
European Junior Karting Champion 72
European Formula Super V Champion 73
Rosberg, Nico
1998 North American Karting Champion
Formula Super A World Champion 2001
2002 German F BMW Champion
2005 GP2 Champion
Russell, George
British Champion Super One Kart 2010
British Champion Formula Kart Stars 2010
British Champion Kartmasters Grand Prix 2010
European Champion CIK FIA Kart 2012
19th KF1 CIK FIA World Championship Kart 2013 (World Championship)
4th F Renault Alps 2014 (did not run one of the stages due to illness)
2014 BRDC Formula 4 Champion
6th place in the European F3 2015 (among the rookies he was runner-up, behind Leclerc)
3rd place in the European F3 2016
GP3 Champion 2017 (4 wins, 3 poles and 5 podiums)
2018 Formula 2 Champion (3 wins)
Salo, Mika
Runner-up F3 English 90 (4 wins, but lost to Hakkinen)
British F3 Champion 93
Sargeant, Logan
CIK-FIA World KFJ Champion 2015 (first American to win the karting world championship since Lake Speed in 1978)
2016 WSK Champions Cup Champion
4th place in English F4 2017
4th place F Renault European 2018
3rd place F3 2020
7th place in F3 2021
4th place F2 2022 (he was the first North American to win an F2 race)
Sato, Takuma
English F3 Champion 2001
Scheckter, Jody
4th place in British F2 1972
8th place in F2 Europe 1972
North American Champion L&M series Formula 5000 1973 (raced in F1 that year)
6th place Can-Am 1973 (ran in F1 that year)
Schneider, Bernd
3rd place German karting championship 76
German Champion 80
Junior 80 World Kart Champion
African Kart Champion 83
Runner-up German F Ford 1600 84
3rd place F3 German 86
German F3 Champion 87
Two-time Interseries champion with Porsche 90/91 prototypes
Porsche Cup 90 Champion
ITC Champion with Mercedes 95
Five-time DTM champion (German Tourism) 1995/2000/2001/2002/2003/2006
Runner-up ITC with Mercedes 96
FIA GT Champion with Mercedes 97
Runner-up FIA GT with Mercedes 98 (in partnership with Mark Webber)
Schumacher, Michael
German Junior Kart Champion 84 and 85 (Hakkinen raced in the world championship in 84, and he raced without qualifying for the drivers' championship, due to a registration error by his team)
85 kart world runner-up
3rd place in the German Championship and 3rd place in the European Kart-86
European and German Kart Champion 87
Champion F Konig 88 (10 wins in 11 races)
Runner-up F Ford 1600 European 88 (Lost to Mika Salo)
6th place in Champion F Ford 1600 German 88
3rd place F3 German 89 with 163 points (Wendlinger champion 164 and Frentzen vice 163)
German F3 Champion 90 (Made a series of mistakes at the beginning of the season, but then recovered and took 5 poles, 5 wins in 11 races, 148 points, runner-up Rensing 117)
OBS 1: He went to the last German F3 race in Hockenheim, but lost to Hakkinen, the Finn was a guest driver.
FIA F3 Macau 90 Cup Winner
OBS 2: He closed Hakkinen's door on the last lap of the 2nd heat. In that race ran Irvine and Frentzen.
Winner of Euro Macau-Fuji Challenge 90
5th place in Mundial de Sport Prototipo 90 (with Wendlinger Sauber-Mercedes) 21 points, (champion Schelesser/Baldi with 49.5 points).
9th place in the World of Sport Prototype 91 (with Wendlinger Sauber-Mercedes) 43 points, (champion Fabi with 86 points).
Vice World Kart Champion 2001 (lost to Vitantonio Liuzzi)
Two-time Challenge of the Stars Champion 2007 and 2009
Schumacher, Ralph
German karting champion 91
Runner-up Formula BMW Junior 93
3rd place German F3 94 (lost to Jorg Muller and Wurz)
Runner-up German F3 95 (lost to Norberto Fontana)
Champion F Nippon 96
Senna, Ayrton
Two-time São Paulo kart champion in the 100cc Junior category 74/76
Champion of the 3 hours of Kart category 100cc- 76
Tri-Champion of the 3 hours of kart 1st category São Paulo –76/77/78
Two-time runner-up in São Paulo kart 100cc 78/79
Champion of the Itacolomy National Tournament - Junior Category 75
Vice-champion Brazilian kart category 100cc Junior 75
Brazilian runner-up in kart 77 (Lost to Walter Travaglini)
Four-time Brazilian champion 78/79/80/81
Four-time South American champion 76/77/78/80
South American runner-up 79
6th place in the karting world 1978- Le Mans (France) IN THE YEAR OF DEBUT.
NOTE 1: He won 2 heats and was disputing the title but he beat the English Mickey Allen in one of the final heats, losing the chance of being champion. He came in 6th place, but was chosen as revelation of the year. (AS do Brasil by Francisco Santos pg 18) (Terry Fullerton- England champion)
World runner-up 79- Estoril (Portugal)
NOTE 2: Senna won 5 heats, but fate didn't want him to be the champion. In a semifinal heat, Fullerton broke the engine in front of Senna and this caused the Brazilian to finish in 8th place. In one of the final heats, Senna let his teammate Peter Koene win, as he did not know that the championship's tiebreaker criteria had changed that year (Statement by Peter de Bruijn - Racing Magazine February and March 2004 pg 14) and the previous criteria , Ayrton would be the champion. Senna and Bruijn were TIED FOR POINTS, but according to the new tiebreaker criteria, taking into account 8th place in the semi-final, Senna was in second place. (Source: Ayrton Senna from Brazil by Francisco Santos pg 18 and 19) Brazilian Mário Sérgio de Carvalho, Senna's opponent in Brazil, finished in 7th place.
Winner GP San Marino kart 79
World runner-up 80- Nevilles (Belgium)
NOTA 3: Senna had a chance of winning the world kart championship with Peter de Bruijn, in the final heat the Dutchman beat the Brazilian when he was in 2nd place. Senna tried to make a complaint, without success, as the DAP team boss (Bruno Brunetti) could not do so because he was not Brazilian and the Brazilian Team Boss was not on the track that day. Senna took runner-up. (Source: Ayrton Senna Saudade de Francisco Santos pg 26 and 27) It was at this World Cup that young Michael Schumacher, aged 11, saw Senna race and became a fan of the Brazilian.
4th place in the world 81 (135cc kart) - Parma (Italy)
NOTE 4: They changed the regulations for kart engines to 135cc. His kart was equipped with a 127 cc engine, but he competed anyway. Taking into account the engine lag, he had a great performance, placing 4th overall. Those who saw him race said it was Senna's best performance in karting. (Source: Ayrton Senna do Brasil by Francisco Santos pg 19)
14th place worldwide 82 - Palmar (Sweden)
NOTA 5: He was invited by Parila DAP equipment failed in training (valve poorly assembled), he did the 60th time in training, he also had a collision in one of the finals. (AS do Brasil by Francisco Santos pg 19).
Champion F Ford 1600 in 1981 (European and English) 20 races, 12 wins, 13 poles, 10 VMR`s, 18 podiums.
Champion F Ford 2000 in 1982 (European and English) 27 races, 22 wins (record wins in a season, and 8 consecutive), 15 poles, 21 VMR`s, 23 podiums
NOTE 6: That year Senna won an F3 race at Thruxton (with West Surrey Racing) with pole, victory and VMR.
1983 F3 Champion (European and British) 21 races, 13 wins (9 straight wins, and equals Piquet's total win record of 78), 2 second places, 14 poles, 13 VMR`s, 15 podiums and 9 Hat Tricks. 132 points.
Serra, Chico
Four-time Brazilian Kart Champion 72, 73, 74 and 76
Two-time Kart Summer Tournament Champion in 1973 and 1974
São Paulo Champion of Formula V 76
Brazilian runner-up in Formula V 76 (ran 2 races less)
2nd place in the farewell race before going to England 76 (lost to Senna)
Champion F Ford English 77 (11 wins in 27 races)
1st place at the Formula Ford 77 International Festival
Runner-up F 3 78
English F3 Champion Vandervell 1979 (3 wins and 9 podiums for Ron Dennis's team, Andrea de Cesaris was runner-up)
7th place in the European F2 80 Championship
Winner of the 1000 miles of São Paulo 83
Runner-up of Stock Car 88 and 90
Formula One 94 runner-up
Tri-champion of Stock Car Brazil (99, 00, 01)
Siffert, Jo
1st place 6 hours Watkins Glen 69
1st place at Targa Florio 70
Speed, Scott
2001 Formula Russell USA Champion
F Renault European and German Champion 2004
3rd place in GP2 2005
Stewart, Jackie
British Skeet Shooting Champion 1958 (!!)
British F3 Champion 64 (7 wins in 10 races (source: F3 English 1964 wikipedia) and becomes the 1st British F3 champion)
1st place at Silverstone 64 International Trophy
Tasmanian Cup Winner (BRM) 66
Winner 12 Hours of Suffer’s Paradise 66
2nd place Tasmanian Cup (BRM) 67
3rd place at Can-Am 1970 (Hulme was champion)
OBS: He was 3rd in his debut year by BRM. In the first test of Tyrrell in a Cooper F3 in 1964, he broke the track record that belonged to the official drivers, he was even faster than Bruce McLaren, who angrily returned to the track and made a faster time. Stewart got back on track and beat his time.
Stroll, Lance
Italian F4 Champion 2014 (7 wins in 18 races)
Toyota Racing Series New Zealand 2015 Champion
5th place F3 European 2015
2016 European F3 Champion (14 wins in 30 races)
NOTE: From 2010 to 2015 he was part of the Ferrari Drivers Academy.
Stuck, Hans Joachin
1st place in the Nurburgring 24 hours 70, 98 and 2008 (all with BMW)
German GT 70 Car Champion
1st place in the 24 hours of Spa with Ford Capri 72 (with Jochen Mass)
European runner-up F2 74 (Lost to Depailler)
Two-time champion of the 24 Hours of Le Mans with a Porsche 962 (86 and 87 both with Derek Bell and Al Holbert)
German DTM Champion with the Audi 90 (Schumacher crashed the Cecotto and helped Stuck win the title)
NOTE: He is 1.94 m tall and weighs 90 kg, he is known as a master in the rain, he has won several races in these conditions. He even led the US GP 77 in the rain with Brabham.
Surer, Marc
5th place F3 European 77
European F2 Champion 79
Surtees, John
Four-time motorcycle champion in the 500 cc (56, 58, 59, 60)
TRI motorcycle champion in the 350 cc (58, 59, 60)
1st place in the 12 hours of Sebring 63
1st place in the 1000 km Nurburgring 63 and 64
3rd place in the 24 hours of Le Mans 64
1st place in the 1000 km of Monza 66 (initial season)
Can-Am 66 Champion
2nd place in the 1000 km of Spa 70
3rd place in the 1000 km Nurburgring 70
Gold Cup champion with his own car (Surtees) 70 and 71
OBS: He was the only champion in motorcycles and in F1.
Tambay, Patrick
Champion F Renault 73
7th place F2 European 74
3rd place F2 European 75
3rd place F2 European 76 (Lost to Jabouille and Arnoux)
Two-time champion Can-Am 77/80
Tarquini, Gabriele
BTCC Champion with Alfa Romeo 94
Runner-up WTCC with Seat 2008
WTCC Champion with Seat 2009
NOTE: Became the oldest FIA World Champion of all categories of all time aged 47 years and 266 days, beating Fangio's record of 46 years and 41 days.
Trips, Wolfgang Von
1st place in sports car race at Nurburgring 56 (Porsche)
1st place in Millie Miglia 56
1st place in the sport category at Sebring, Le Mans and Avus 56
2nd place in the 1000 km of Buenos Aires 58
3rd place at Targa Florio and 1000 km Nurburgring 58
Mountain Championship Champion 58 (Porsche)
1st place in the Targa Florio and in the 1000 Km of Buenos Aires 60
OBS: He died in GP Italy 61, in a collision with Jim Clark.
Trulli, Jarno
Italian Karting Champion 88/89/90/91
European Kart Champion 91 and 94
World Karting Champion 91
North American Karting Champion 94
German Champion F3/96
Vandoorne, Stoffel
Champion F4 1.6 Euro Cup 2010
3rd place in F Renault 2.0 2011
5th place in Euro Cup Renault 2.0 2011
Champion in F Renault 2012
Runner-up in F Renault 3.5 2013
Runner-up in GP2 2014
2015 GP2 Champion
Verstappen, Max
Belgian Kart Champion (Minimax) 2006
Belgian and Dutch Kart Champion (Minimax) 2007
Belgian Kart Champion (Cadet category) 2007
Flamengo Kart Champion (Minimax) 2009
Belgian Kart Champion (KF5) 2009
Runner-up of the Kart World Cup (KF3) 2010
2011 WSK World Series (Kart) Champion
WSK Series Champion in the KF2 (Kart) class 2012
Champion of the South Garda Winter Cup KF2 (Kart) 2012
European Champion KF and KZ (kart) 2013
KZ World Champion (kart) 2013
3rd European F3 2014 with 10 wins (Ocon was the champion with 9 wins)
NOTE: In December 2013 Max Verstappen tested F3 Dallara and F Renault, and was faster than the official drivers of these teams.
Vettel, Sebastian
2001 German Jr Kart Champion
Champion Monaco Kart Cup 2001
2001 Junior Karting European Champion
Runner-up F BMW/2003 with 5 wins
Champion F BMW/2004 with 18 wins and 20 podiums in 20 races (Átila Abreu-vice, Buemi was in 3rd place)
3rd place in GP Macau 2005 (ASM F3)
5th place in the European F3 2005 (Hamilton was the champion)
European F3 runner-up (4 wins) 2006 (lost to Paul Di Resta)
Champion of the Race of Champions 2015.
Villeneuve, Gilles
Snowcross 74 World Champion
Champion F Atlantic American and Canadian 76
Champion F Atlantic Canadian 77
Villeneuve, Jacques
Champion F Atlantic 93
1st place in the 95 Indianapolis 500
Champion F Cart 95
Warwick, Derek
English Tourism Champion 71
Stock Car World Champion 73
English F3 Champion 78
12th place Aurora F1 1979
20th place F2 1979
World Champion Sport Prototypes with the Peugeot 92
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 92 (Peugeot 905 with Mark Blundell and Yannick Dalmas)
Webber, Mark
93 karting state champion
Runner-up F Ford English 96
4th place in F 3 Inglesa 97
Runner-up FIA GT with Mercedes 98 (in partnership with Bernd Schneider)
Runner-up F3000 Internacional 2001 (lost to Justin Wilson)
WEC 2015 Champion (with Porsche 919 Hybrid - raced with Timo Bernhard and Brendon Hartley) (*)
(*) World Endurance Championship
Wendlinger, Karl
German F3 Champion 89 (defeating Frentzen and Schumacher)
1st place 1000 km of Spa 90 (with Mass) Mercedes
Wurz, Alexander
1992 F Ford Austrian Champion
Austrian F3 Champion 1993
German runner-up F3 1994
Winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 1996 (Porsche-Joest WSC)
Winner of the 2009 Le Mans 24 Hours (Peugeot 908 HDI FAP)
Yoong, Alex
1994 Formula Asia Series Champion
Runner-up Formula Asia Series 1995 (8 wins)
Zanardi, Alessandro
Runner-up F3000 91 (lost to Fittipaldi)
Runner-up in F Cart 96 (Lost to Vasser, because in one of the races at the end of the year a latecomer threw him into the wall and made him lose 20 points)
Champion F Cart 97 and 98
Zonta, Ricardo
F3 Sulamericana 95 Champion
Champion F 3000 97
FIA GT Champion alongside Klaus Ludwig 98